COOLING | NET ZERO District cooling adopted as the norm for all coolingdense applications globally, as appropriate Finance only flows to super-efficient, ultra-low GWP products and investments New technologies and business models make superefficient, ultra-low GWP equipment and appliances cheaper in most applications. Ultra-low GWP refrigerants By 2021 New commitments from countries on uptake of ultralow GWP refrigerants beyond Kigali Amendment Nations agree to work together and invest additional funds in F-Gas market surveillance, compliance and enforcement, and to review building codes and standards that stifle the use of ultra-low GWP net-zero products Cooling businesses commit to minimising refrigerant leakage and decommissioning at end of life, including recovery, recycling and destruction of refrigerants and ozone-depleting substances, and HFC-containing foams Businesses in the largest cooling-consuming sectors commit to only buy low GWP refrigerant solutions Equipment and refrigerant manufacturers commit to increased R&D, and to supporting an Ultra-low GWP Cooling Accelerator to identify solutions for hard-toachieve applications (air con, industry, transport) Accelerated development of novel financing mechanisms and instruments for net-zero compatible cooling by Development Finance Institutions. By 2025 All countries ratified the Kigali Amendment Large-scale public sector procurement for equipment and appliances using ultra-low GWP refrigerants Investors commit to only fund manufacturers of ultralow GWP refrigerants Operators trained to reduce refrigerant leakages and to decommission high-GWP refrigerants at end of life, including recovery, recycling and destruction of refrigerants and ozone-depleting substances and HFCcontaining foams Pressure from civil society reduces manufacturing of high-GWP appliances. By 2030 Product performance ladders for cooling technologies mandate use of ultra-low GWP Investors only fund ultra-low GWP refrigerant manufacturing Refurbishment of cooling technologies with ultra-low GWP options occurs at scale across nations Most businesses commit to ultra-low GWP refrigerant Cooling equipment is decommissioned, with refrigerants treated in an environmentally friendly way, including recovery, recycling and destruction. By 2040 Updated Kigali Amendment has delivered ultra-low GWP cooling All investors only fund ultra-low GWP net-zero cooling solutions Business commits to ultra-low GWP refrigerant solutions The emissions reduction that needs to be achieved across the domestic AC sector using different mitigation approaches. It shows the total offset amount needed in 2050 to achieve net-zero cooling for all, using the mitigation hierarchy verses a business-as-usual (BAU) 2050 scenario. Figure 1: Mitigation scenario for domestic AC as an initial output of the pathway to net-zero1 analysis All purchased appliances use ultra-low GWP refrigerant. Passive cooling By 2021: Cities commit to integrate passive cooling into masterplans Revise building regulations to promote passive cooling R&D on innovative passive cooling in new and existing buildings Develop in-house technical capability on how to first avoid the need for cooling, before including cooling technologies into buildings. By 2025: Passive cooling considerations included in climate-risk appraisals to disincentivise investment in thermally inefficient buildings Passive cooling solutions being demonstrated at scale New behaviour-change campaigns launched Optimising cooling demand at design stage is a development practice. By 2030 All new buildings and urban areas are required to incorporate passive cooling measures through building regulations City masterplans with defined Local Climate Zones are enforced Passive cooling measures shown to have largest impact are deployed in countries with highest cooling need. By 2040 Buildings refurbished to passive cooling standards Passive cooling building regulations enforced City-level projects only approved if they optimise passive cooling Passive cooling the norm and first cooling priority measure in all countries. CJ References: 1 Based on initial outputs of the Cool Coalitions Cool Calculator tool, available 2021, October 2020 bit.ly/CJMay21CC 68 May 2021 www.cibsejournal.com CIBSE May 21 pp67-68 Net zero cooling.indd 68 23/04/2021 16:14